MEFs: Primary Pou5f1-GFP MEFs were prepared from E12 embryos (http://jaxmice.jax.org/strain/008214.html) and reprogrammed by transduction with OKS using four HCT116-transducing units (HC-TU) per cell as previously described (Pasi et al. 2011 (link)). CD34+ cells from human cord blood were obtained and prepared as previously described (Barde et al. 2013 (link)), before transducing 250,000 cells with OKS using 100 HC-TU per cell. After 5 d, cells were switched to mTeSR1 medium (Stemcell Technologies no. 05859) and grown on a mouse fibroblast feeder layer until reprogrammed colonies emerged (∼21 d). Individual human iPSC clones were then picked and expanded. Primary human hepatocytes were isolated from liver biopsies as previously described (Birraux et al. 2009 (link)) and plated on Matrigel or collagen before being transduced with OKS or OKSM using 20 HC-TU per cell. After 5 d, cells were switched to mTeSR1 medium (Stemcell Technologies no. 05859) and grown until reprogrammed colonies emerged (∼25 d).