To allow site-specific labelling of histone H2B, a cysteine was introduced via site-directed mutagenesis (H2BK120C, as previously described55 (link)) using mutagenesis primers indicated in Table S1. H2BK120C was labelled with Cyanine5-maleimide (Lumiprobe cat #13080) as described previously55 (link). Labelled octamers were refolded as described above. Before chromatin reconstitution, the unlabelled and labelled octamers were combined at a molar ratio of 7:1 (unlabeled:labelled). Chromatin was then reconstituted as described above.