For Western blot analyses, the indicated amounts of cell extracts were resolved in 10% SDS–PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Schleicher & Schuell, BioScience, Dassel, Germany). Membranes were blocked with 5% (wt/vol) nonfat dry milk in phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.1% (vol/vol) Tween 20 and probed with monoclonal anti-FLAG antibody (Sigma), monoclonal anti-APE1 antibody (Vascotto et al., 2009a (link)), monoclonal anti-Ku70 (sc-12729; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), monoclonal anti–RNA polymerase II (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), monoclonal anti-SIRT1 (Abcam), monoclonal anti-p32 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and polyclonal anti-p53(acetyl K382) (Abcam). Blots were developed by using the enhanced chemiluminescence procedure (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ) or Western Lightning Ultra (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA). Data normalization was performed by using a monoclonal anti-tubulin antibody (Sigma). Blots were quantified by using a Chemidoc XRS video densitometer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA).