To examine the curative effects of probiotics on anxiety/depression, mice were randomly assigned to six groups (NC, C, PC, NK33, NK98, or Mix) of seven mice each. First, mice from the PC, NK33, NK98, Mix, and C groups were exposed to IS and test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day of NK98; Mix, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) either orally (for NK33, NK98, and Mix) or intraperitoneally (for buspirone) administered for 5 days, 24 h after the final treatment with IS. The normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, was treated with 1% maltose in place of test agents. Behaviors and biochemical markers were assayed 20 h after the final treatment. Exposure of mice to IS was performed for 12 h once a day for 2 days using a conical tube-like instrument (2.5 cm in diameter, 7.5 cm in length) with a 0.25-cm-diameter hole on the center of the tube), as previously reported [25 (link),28 (link)].
To examine the preventive effects of probiotics on anxiety/depression and colitis, mice were randomly assigned to six groups of seven mice each. First, test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were orally gavaged or intraperitoneally injected into the mice daily for 5 days. Mice from the PC, NK33, NK98, Mix, and C groups were exposed to IS for 2 h from 24 h after the final treatment with test agents, as previously reported [28 (link)]. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, was orally treated with 1% maltose in place of test agents. Behaviors and biochemical markers were assayed 20 h after the final IS treatment.
To examine the preventive effects of probiotics on anxiety/depression and colitis, mice were randomly assigned to six groups of seven mice each. First, test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were orally gavaged or intraperitoneally injected into the mice daily for 5 days. Mice from the PC, NK33, NK98, Mix, and C groups were exposed to IS for 2 h from 24 h after the final treatment with test agents, as previously reported [28 (link)]. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, was orally treated with 1% maltose in place of test agents. Behaviors and biochemical markers were assayed 20 h after the final IS treatment.
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