VEGF-Aflox/flox mice were anaesthetized, and 1ul (10 ng) of either recombinant (r) VEGF-A (Prospec, Rehovot, Israel) or ultrapure DNase/RNase-free distilled water (vehicle) (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were injected into the stromal layer of the cornea using a gas-powered microinjection system as described previously15 (link),28 (link). Immediately following the injection, the mice were inoculated with 200 PFUs of SC16 ICP0-Cre. On day 2 pi, the mice were injected again with r-VEGF-A or vehicle, and on day 7 pi, the mice were euthanized to harvest corneas for whole mount.