The primary endpoint of this study was the ORR (CR or CRi) following receipt of HMA with or without VEN up to 6 months from the start of treatment. Response rates were evaluated by the research team and retrospectively validated by physician review. Secondary objectives included clinical benefit rate, time to first response, time to treatment failure, overall survival (OS), transfusion independence, correlations between genomic aberrations and response to therapy, and safety, including incidence and severity of adverse effects. Toxicity as documented by the treating physician was determined by review of physicians’ notes and recorded laboratory values. Toxicities studied were grade 3/4 neutropenia, grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia, grade 3/4 changes in serum creatinine, and laboratory signs of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), and were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 5.0 [15 ].