Myocardial tissue sections were stained with anti-CD34 primary antibody (1 : 200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). Vascular endothelial cells were immunohistochemically labeled with CD34 to calculate microvessel density (MVD) [21 (link)], which was quantified by counting the number of brown endothelial cells or endothelial cell clusters. Five microscopic fields were randomly selected for each tissue section under 400× magnification, and their average values were taken as the MVD of each sample.
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