RhoA activity was analyzed using Rhotekin Rho binding domain (Upstate Biotechnology; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) bound to glutathione agarose beads to pulldown the active GTP-bound RhoA form from ovarian cell lysates in lysis buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 0.5% NP-40, 100 mM NaCl, 0.2% deoxycholic acid, 10% glycerol, and 10 mM MgCl2) supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors (37 (link)). GTP-bound RhoA and total RhoA were evaluated by western blot analysis as above, using RhoA antibody (67B9; 1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.).