Anthropometric Measurements in Preschool Children

Weight was measured to the nearest gram using an electronic scale attached to the BodPod (COSMED USA, Concord, CA, USA). Height was measured using a wall stadiometer (Tillquist, Spånga, Sweden) to the nearest 0.1 cm. Overweight/obesity was classified according to Cole et al. [22 (link)]. Weight-for-age and length-for-age z-scores were calculated using Swedish reference data [23 (link)]. FM and FFM were assessed using air-displacement plethysmography using the pediatric option for BodPod (COSMED USA, Concord, CA, USA), which has been shown to be accurate in the estimation of %FM in preschool children [24 (link)]. The complete test-procedure has been described elsewhere [18 (link),24 (link)]. All measurements were performed without shoes and in tight fitting underwear. BMI was calculated as body weight (kg)/height² (m). Fat mass index (FMI) [FM (kg)/height² (m)] and fat-free mass index (FFMI) [fat-free mass (kg)/height² (m)] were calculated to provide height-adjusted measures of FM and FFM, respectively.