Elution of AnxA2 (26 (link))and Western blot with rabbit anti-AnxA2, mouse anti-P-Y23-AnxA2, mouse anti-beta-actin, rabbit anti-HGF (all from Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-IGF-1(Abcam) or goat anti-Shh (R&D Systems) antibodies were described previously (12 (link)) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for E-Cadherin and HGF was performed with rabbit anti-E-Cadherin (Abcam) and rabbit anti-HGF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) antibodies using a standard protocol on an automated stainer from Leica Microsystems. IHC for SMA was performed as previously described (27 (link)). IHC for AnxA2 was conducted with mouse anti-AnxA2(Invitrogen), or mouse anti-P-Y23-AnxA2 antibodies, IHC for Shh with goat-anti-Shh (R&D), and IHC for IGF-1 with rabbit-anti-IGF-1(Abcam) antibodies as described previously (13 (link)). All IHC slides were analyzed and scored by a pathologist (A.L). The levels of secreted IGF-1 were measured by ELISA (R&D) following the manufacturer’s instructions.