Approximately 5 ml of the blood sample was collected before hemodialysis from all participants. The samples were immediately centrifuged at 3000g for 10 min and stored at 4°C within one hour of collection for downstream biochemical analyses. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, total calcium, and phosphorus were measured using an autoanalyzer (Siemens Advia 1800, Siemens Healthcare, Henkestr, Germany). Serum leptin concentrations were measured using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit (SPI-BIO, Montigny le Bretonneux, France) [19 (link), 20 (link)]. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were measured using an autoanalyzer (Siemens Advia Centaur XP immunoassay system, Siemens Healthcare).
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