A pig was anesthetized with a mixture of alfaxalone (5 mg/kg), xylazine (2 mg/kg), and azaperone (6 mg/kg), and the following procedures were performed.
i) The 12-mm trocar was placed in the umbilicus of the pig and inflated with CO2 gas. Pneumoperitoneum was created and the intraabdominal pressure was maintained below 12 mmHg.
ii) Two additional ports were placed.
iii) The liver and gallbladder were identified under white light, and the gallbladder was pulled to the peritoneum.
iv) Five millimeters of SF solution was infused directly into the gallbladder. A small bile leak from the infused site was identified and clipped.
v) The biliary structures were observed under blue light emitted from an LED light source.
vi) The pig was euthanized at the end of the procedures.
