Vinculin and E-cadherin-deficient cells were generated from epidermal, murine keratinocytes as described before (Michels et al., 2009 (link); Mertz et al., 2013 (link); Rubsam et al., 2017 (link)). All cells were cultivated under sterile conditions at 32°C and 5% (vol/vol) CO2 in low calcium (<0.5 mM) containing DMEM/Ham´s F12 medium (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany) supplemented with 10% FCS Gold (chelex treated) (PAA laboratories, Cölbe, Germany), 1% glutamine (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany), 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany), 0.18 mM adenin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), 0.5 µg/ml hydrocortisone (Sigma), 5 µg/ml insulin (Sigma), 10 ng/ml EGF (Sigma), 0.05 µg/µl choleratoxin (Sigma), and 5 µg/ml vitamin C (Sigma).