HEK293T cells were transfected with proviral clones or pcNLmini-RI-based clones. On day 1 post-transfection, the cells were harvested and lysed for Western blotting analysis. Western blotting analyses using anti-HIV-1 Vif 319 (catalog no. ab66643; Abcam, Tokyo, Japan) and anti-β-actin clone AC-15 (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) antibodies were performed as described previously [29 (link),32 (link)].
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