Real-time PCR analysis was performed with probe sets Stk11 (Mm00488473_g1), Hdc (Mm00456104_m1), Ctnnb1 (Mm00483039_m1), and Actb (Mm00607939_s1) (all from ThermoFisher Scientific). Immunoblots were performed and quantified as described previously34 (link), using the following antibodies: phospho-LKB1 (Ser428; C67A3), LKB1 (D60C5), β-catenin (D10A8), phospho-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41), phospho-S6 (Ser235/236; D57.2.2E), phospho-AKT (Ser473; D9E), phospho-FOXO1 (Ser256), phospho-AMPK (Thr172) (all from Cell Signaling Technology), and β-ACTIN (Sigma).