WERI-Rb1 cells were treated with ATR inhibitor VE822 (1 μM), ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM) inhibitor KU55933 (1 μM), Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (10 μM), or calpain inhibitor Calpeptin (10 μM), each for 1 h prior to transfection or the UV irradiation. These doses were selected based on dose-response experiments, which demonstrated that at these concentarations, the kinases were effectively inhibited without initiating an apoptotic response.
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