Metal solutions, Ni(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, Cd(NO3)2 and Cr(NO3)2 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), were sterilized by filtration through 0.45μm Millipore bacterial filters (Advantec, Tokyo, Japan). Metal-resistant profiles of LAB isolates were conducted on MRS agar plates amended with metals concentrations (up to 600 ppm) and incubated under anaerobic conditions at 30 °C for 1–3 days. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were assessed by determining the lowest metal concentrations that completely inhibited LAB growth39 (link). The higher-growth-exhibiting isolates were selected as potential metal-resistant LAB isolates for further studies.
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