The survey at both sites included the latest refinement of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT-10) [26 (link)], a shortened ten-item version of Young's Internet Addiction test [35 (link)] with improved psychometric properties through IRT. The Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT) [23 (link)], an established 10-item instrument measuring online gaming that operationalizes the nine DSM-5 criteria for Internet gaming disorder [36 ], was also included in the survey. The South Africa survey additionally included the short (5-item) Compulsive Internet Use scale (CIUS) [37 (link)], an established screening instrument of PUI with very similar sensitivity and specificity to the original full CIUS scale [24 (link)].
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