Macrophage Differentiation and Characterization

Retinol, ATRA, and ATRH were purchased (Sigma-Aldrich), dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stored at −80°C in small aliquots protected from light. Unless stated, the Retinol, ATRH, and ATRA were utilized at 10⁻⁸ M. Recombinant IL-15 (R&D systems) and G M-CSF (R&D systems) were cultured with monocytes in RPMI 1640 (Gibco) and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) (Omega Scientific). Monocytes were differentiated into macrophages with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (R&D systems) as described as previously (8 (link)). Immunohistochemistry was performed with the following antibodies: purified-CD1B (MT101; BD biosciences), purified-ALDH1A2 (ab75674; Abcam), and purified-CD163 (EDHu-1; Bio-Rad).

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Kim E.W., De Leon A., Jiang Z., Radu R.A., Martineau A.R., Chan E.D., Bai X., Su W.L., Montoya D.J., Modlin R.L, & Liu P.T. (2019). Vitamin A Metabolism by Dendritic Cells Triggers an Antimicrobial Response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mSphere, 4(3), e00327-19.

Publication 2019

Retinol Recombinant IL-15 GM-CSF RPMI 1640 M-CSF

Aldh1a2 Antibodies Atra Cd163 Dimethyl sulfoxide Fetal calf serum Gm csf Il 15 Immunohistochemistry Light Macrophages colony stimulating factor Monocytes Retinol

Corresponding Organization :

Other organizations : University of California, Los Angeles, Orthopaedic Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Retinol
Recombinant IL-15
GM-CSF
M-CSF

dependent variables

Differentiation of monocytes into macrophages
Expression of CD1B, ALDH1A2, and CD163

control variables

DMSO (as a solvent for retinol, ATRH, and ATRA)
RPMI 1640 medium
10% fetal calf serum (FCS)
Incubation temperature (-80°C)

positive controls

Not specified

negative controls

Not specified

Annotations

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