When available, test results were also collected from the EMR of those patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing as part of their clinical care. Among these were RT-PCR, viral antigen, and serologic tests. Three FDA EUA RT-PCR assay platforms were employed at the VAAAHS, the Roche cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 test (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN), the Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA), and the BioFire Respiratory 2.1 Panel (bioMérieux. Marcy-l'Étoile, France) (34 (link)– (link)36 (link)). These assays have reported lower limits of detection of 25, 250, and 500 viral gene copies/mL, respectively. The Roche cobas and Xpert Xpress platforms provide cycle threshold (Ct) values which represent a rough surrogate of viral load. Viral antigen was detected in nasal turbinate swabs using the FDA EUA BD Veritor System, a chromatographic digital immunoassay for the direct qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigens during the acute phase of infection (37 (link)). Serologic assays included chemiluminescent semiquantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (RBD) IgG (Siemens Laboratory Diagnostics, München, Germany) performed on high-throughput automated analyzers (38 (link)). Claimed assay specificity and sensitivity were reported as 100% and 99.9%, respectively (33 ). Positive cutoff index values for the assays are ≥1.0 U with a reportable range up to 100 U.