Data was managed and analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia) [21 (link)]. Three researchers (SJMi, CD, EF) began analysis by reviewing and coding a random sample of transcripts (n = 5) independently, and in triplicate using open coding [22 (link)]. Initial codes were discussed with a senior qualitative researcher (JPL) to create the first draft of the codebook. Using open and axial coding [22 (link)], another 25 transcripts were analyzed by the same researchers, and the codebook was expanded and refined iteratively. The final codebook was applied to the complete dataset (n = 60 transcripts) that was coded independently, in duplicate (Supplemental Table 3). Researchers took continuous, detailed notes throughout coding and theme development. Researchers met weekly to discuss, revise, and refine themes that emerged from the data [21 (link)]. Themes were categorized into the TPB constructs (i.e., behavioural beliefs (one’s attitude toward the behaviour and the perceived outcome as positive or negative), normative beliefs (one’s perception of others’ beliefs about the behaviour), and control beliefs (the presence or absence of internal and external factors that impact the ability to perform the behaviour [23 ]).
Interview participant characteristics (n = 60)
| Characteristic | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Alberta | 9 (15.0) |
| British Columbia | 10 (16.7) |
| Maritimes2 | 11 (18.3) |
| Ontario | 12 (20) |
| Québec | 9 (15.0) |
| Saskatchewan/Manitoba | 9 (15.0) |
| Median, IQR | 47.0 (34.5, 63.0) |
| 18–29 | 9 (14.8) |
| 30–44 | 21 (34.4) |
| 45–64 | 17 (27.9) |
| 65+ | 14 (23.0) |
| Women | 27 (45.0) |
| Men | 33 (55.0) |
| White | 38 (63.3) |
| Asian | 14 (23.3) |
| Black | 2 (3.3) |
| Latin American | 1 (1.7) |
| Middle Eastern | 1 (1.7) |
| Multiracial | 3 (5.0) |
| Highschool | 7 (12.1) |
| Some post-secondary | 40 (69.0) |
| Post-secondary degree | 11 (19.0) |
| $0-$50,000 | 15 (25.9) |
| $50,000-$99,999 | 30 (51.7) |
| $100,000 and over | 13 (22.4) |
| Full-time | 31 (53.4) |
| Part-time | 4 (6.9) |
| Retired | 17 (29.3) |
| Other4 | 6 (10.3) |
| Single | 21 (36.2) |
| Partnered | 27 (46.6) |
| Divorced/Widowed | 10 (17.2) |
| Yes | 24 (41.4) |
1 Missing data, n = 2
2 Maritimes region includes Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward
3 Missing data, n = 1
4 Other includes unemployed, maternity leave, disability
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