Participants’ fasting, cryopreserved plasma samples were shipped to Temple University (Philadelphia, PA) for centralized quantification of levels of immune/inflammatory biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits: soluble CD14 (sCD14; R&D), soluble CD163 (sCD163; IQ Products), MCP-1 (R&D), high-sensitivity IL-6 (R&D), Lp-PLA2 (R&D), and oxLDL (Mercodia) [7 (link)]. D-dimer was measured using the HemosIL D-dimer HS 500 kit on the ACL TOP (Werfen). Fasting, cryopreserved serum samples were shipped to Quest Diagnostics for quantification of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) by commercially available assays.
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