Samples were prepared as follows: 10 ml 100 ng/ml active TGFβ1 (Bio-Techne) in PBS. 10 ml 50 mg/ml VA extract in PBS. 5 ml 100 ng/ml active TGFβ1 in PBS plus 5 ml 50 mg/ml VA extract in PBS, mixed for 4 h on a rotator at RT. Samples were loaded using a 50 ml Superloop (Cytiva) and run on an ACTApurifier 10 system (Cytiva) using the equipment, reagents and programme described29 (link). Fractions were assayed for TGFβ1 using an ELISA as described.
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