We followed indirect and quantitative ELISA method.18 (link),19 (link) Plasma samples from RA, OA and HC were coated into 96-well microtiter plates (Nunc, USA), incubated with anti-TTR, anti-Serotransferrin, anti-ApoA1 and anti-RAGE antibodies (Santa Cruz, USA) separately followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (Jackson, USA) incubation. For quantitative ELISA, commercialized available ELISA kit for TTR (Elabscience, E-EL-H2342), RAGE (Ray-Bio, ELH-RAGE) and ACPAs (EH4137) were used according to manufactures guideline (see details in supplementary methods).