For the TPOAb GWAS stage 1 and 2 analyses, and the hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and goiter analyses, individuals were recruited from 16 independent community-based and family studies. For the Graves' disease analyses, cases were recruited from the United Kingdom Graves' disease cohort and controls from the British 1958 Birth Cohort. Thyroid cancer cases and controls were recruited from the Nijmegen and Ohio thyroid cancer cohorts. A detailed description of the original cohorts contributing samples is provided in Table 1 and in the Supplementary Material. All participants provided written informed consent and protocols were approved by the institutional review boards or research ethics committees at the respective institutions, and conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.
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