Caspase activity was measured using the Cell Even Caspase-3/7 Detection Reagent (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Cell apoptosis was analyzed by staining with the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit Plus (BioVision, Milpitas, CA, USA) and Hoechst 33342 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) as previously described [22 (link),46 (link)]. An all-in-one Fluorescence Microscope BZ-X800 (KEYENCE, Osaka, Japan) was used to acquire the fluorescence images. At least four fields at each condition were randomly captured for quantification.
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