Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

Cerebral infarction was induced by permanent occlusion of the right distal middle cerebral artery (dMCA) and common carotid artery [19 (link)]. Briefly, the mice were anaesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of tribromoethanol (400 mg/kg, Sigma‒Aldrich, Cat#T48402-25G). The right common carotid artery was isolated and ligated. The right distal MCA was exposed and coagulated with a cautery device (Bovie, USA). The body temperature was maintained at 37.5 ± 0.5 °C during surgery. Mice with subarachnoid haemorrhage and MCA recanalization were excluded. In the sham model, the right common carotid artery and MCA were isolated but not ligated or occluded.