Buffy coat: EDTA whole-blood specimens were centrifuged at 1600× g for 15 min; the buffy coat layer between packed red blood cells and plasma was collected and stored at −80 °C. The cryopreserved buffy coat samples from OS patients and healthy donors were lysed with lysis buffer RA1 (Macherey Nagel, Düren, Germany).
Primary cells: Primary cells were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum and maintained in a humidified atmosphere of 37 °C with 5% CO2 [21 (link)].