The serum exosomes16 (link)–18 (link) were isolated using supercentrifugation (L-90KL-80XP, Beckman Coulter, California, America). Briefly, the serum samples were first centrifuged at 2000 g for 30 min to remove died cells and debris, then centrifuged at 100,000 g for 70 min, supernatant was discarded. The sediment was washed by 1 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and were centrifuged at 100,000 g for 70 min19 (link), supernatant was discarded and the remaining was mainly serum exosomes. Finally, serum exosomes were resuspended with 200μL PBS for identification and RNA extraction.
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