Patients were recruited from two dialysis centres in Eastern Denmark. All patients aged 18 years or older with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treated with chronic HD via a central venous catheter (CVC) or arteriovenous (AV) fistula were screened for participation. Exclusion criteria were inability to give informed consent, known intolerance to β-lactam antibiotics or clindamycin, active infection treated with antibiotics <7 days prior to inclusion, breastfeeding or pregnancy. Data on the cause of kidney failure, HD filter type, HD flow, HD time, height, weight, smoking status, alcohol consumption and comorbidities were recorded.