Gene expression profiles in normal and prostate cancer tissues were assessed using the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas–Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) project20 (link) as the primary approach to compare gene expression between normal and cancerous tissues. In addition, complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray datasets on the Oncomine online platform21 (link),22 (link),23 (link),24 (link) were also used to verify the RNA-seq data. These cDNA microarray datasets were generated with Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays (Affymetrix, Waltham, MA, USA).
Cell type-specific gene expression in the prostate gland was assessed with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GDS1973,25 (link) generated from four different cell types using an antibody pull-down approach against distinct cell surface-specific markers. Immunoprecipitation-pulled down cells were collected for total RNA extracted, followed by RNA-seq analysis.