RNA from mouse colonic tissue was isolated using the PureLink RNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and from mouse DRG using the PureLink RNA Micro Kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions without modifications as described previously.13 (link),15 ,18 (link) All samples underwent an on-column DNase treatment with the PureLink DNase Set (Invitrogen). The elution volumes were 60 µL for mouse colonic tissue RNA and 20 μL for mouse DRG RNA. RNA was aliquoted and stored at −80°C until use. RNA quality was assessed using the 2100 Bioanalyzer Instrument (Agilent Technologies, Inc, Santa Clara, CA) or the 2200 TapeStation System (Agilent Technologies, Inc). All samples had an RNA integrity number of 6.5 or higher.