PBMCs were stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb (OKT3) plus CD28, or mixed in a 1:1 ratio with irradiated allogeneic DCs in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) as described (18 (link)). To determine cell proliferation, T cells were labeled with CFSE and cell division was monitored by using the FITC channel in a FACScanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). Aliquots of PBMCs were analyzed by 7-color flow cytometry using a panel of surface molecule specific antibodies: CD4-APC (5 ug/ml), CD8-Pacific Blue (5 ug/ml), CD62L-APC/Cy7 (5 ug/ml), CD45RA-PE/Cy5 (2.5 ug/ml) and CD45RO-PE/Cy7 (2.5 ug/ml) (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA). Analyses of CD8+ T cell subsets were determined by assessing CD45RA and CD62L surface markers.