Mouse liver and pancreas tissues were homogenized and total RNA was extracted using RNA-STAT 60 reagent according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The purity and quantity of total RNA were measured with a Nanodrop spectrometer (ND-1000, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE) using ND-1000 V3.8.1 software and cDNA was reverse transcribed from 1 ug RNA using a one-step cDNA synthesis reagent (QScript cDNA Supermix, QuantaBio, Beverly, MA). RT-PCR was performed on the CFX384™ Real-Time System (Biorad, Hercules, CA) using iTaq Universal probe Supermix and Taqman probes as described elsewhere (Wahlang et al. 2019c (link)). The relative mRNA expression was calculated using the comparative 2−ΔΔCt method and normalized against GAPDH mRNA.