Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Patients

The proportion of patients with COD was not significantly different for male (45.4%) and female (52.0%) patients (p = 0.139). The prevalence rates for the types of co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses are shown in Table 2. Among patients with COD, anxiety (22.9%) and mood disorders (17.3%) were the two most common psychiatric disorders. About one in five had more than one COD (21.4%), with a higher prevalence rate of multiple CODs among females (30.3%) than males (18.0%). Having anxiety disorders were significantly more prevalent among females (30.3%) than males (19.8%).
Table 2

Prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders

	Total(N = 611)		Females(N = 175)		Males(N = 434)		Females versus malesref
	N	%	N	%	N	%	OR	p-value
Without COD	322	52.7	84	48.0	237	54.6
With COD	289	47.3	91	52.0	197	45.4	1.30	0.139
Psychiatric diagnoses1
- Anxiety disorders F40-49	140	22.9	53	30.3	86	19.8	1.76	0.005
- Mood disorders F30-39	106	17.3	36	20.6	70	16.1	1.35	0.191
- ADHD F90.0-F90.9	79	12.9	21	12.0	58	13.4	0.88	0.650
- Personality disorders F60-69	70	11.5	27	15.4	43	9.9	1.66	0.053
- Multiple CODs	131	21.4	53*	30.3	78	18.0	1.98	< 0.001

¹ Other psychiatric diagnoses (n = 17) included Schizophrenia, F20-F29 (n = 8); Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disorders and physical factors (n = 16); Mental retardation, F70-F79 (n = 6); Pervasive and specific developmental disorders, F80-89 (n = 16); Behavioral disorders, F91-F98 (n = 8)