Total cell lysate was prepared in RIPA (Boston Bioproducts) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Thermo). The cell lysate was quantified and proteins separated on SDS-PAGE and transferred to the PVDF (Bio-Rad) membrane. Membranes were blocked in 5% nonfat milk in TBS with 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST) for 1 h at room temperature followed by incubation with primary antibodies in TBST with 1% BSA overnight. The following primary antibodies were used – p Smad-2, p Smad-3, Smad-2, Smad-3, Snail, Vimentin, EPCAM, c-Myc, NFAT-1, Cyclin B, Cyclin D1, (Cell signaling Technology), Fibronectin, N-Cad (BD Biosciences), Pancytokeratin, GAPDH, α tubulin and β actin (Sigma), Acidic and basic Cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (Millipore), EMA (Dako), p27 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and cytokeratin-8 (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, University of Iowa). Secondary antibodies (from sigma) were used at a concentration of 1:10,000. Equal loading was verified by immunoblotting with GAPDH, αTubulin or β Actin [44 (link)].
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