Cells were harvested and suspended in buffer A (10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 10 mM KCl, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.6% NP-40) (TransGen Biotech, Shanghai, China) [59 (link)]. We collected the supernatant as the cytoplasmic fraction after centrifugation. We suspended the remaining pellet in nuclear extraction buffer (20 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM dithiothreitol) (TransGen Biotech, Manchester, United Kingdom), and collected the supernatant as the nuclear fraction after centrifugation [59 (link)]. We used equal amounts of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts for immunoblotting of STAT1, Nmi, actin, and histone H1 (Proteintech, Manchester, United Kingdom).
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