Human bladder TCC cell lines h-UM-UC-3, h-T24, and h-5637 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Cell lines were authenticated via short tandem repeat DNA profiling by Genetica DNA Laboratories (Burlington, NC, USA). h-T24 cells were grown in McCoy’s media (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA), h-UM-UC-3 cells were grown in minimum essential media (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences), and h-5637 cells were grown in RPMI-1640 media (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 IU penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. Canine TCC (K9TCC) cell lines, K9TCC#1Lillie and K9TCC#5Lilly, were established and characterized in the laboratory of Dr Cekanova as described previously in detail.40 (link),48 ,49 (link) K9TCC#1Lillie and K9TCC#5Lilly were grown in complete RPMI-1640 media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 IU penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. Cells were grown at 37°C and 5% CO2.