Fifty-nine healthy adolescents (30 female), age range between 15 and 19 years old, mean years old, participated in this study, each participant recording up to 8 nights, for a total of 322 recordings. All participants were screened for sleep disorders and pre-existing medical conditions prior to the study, had body mass index (BMI) of less than 30 kg/m , and did not smoke. PSG was acquired using the SOMNOtouch device (SOMNOmedics GmbH, Randersacker, Germany). Sleep scoring was performed with the validated Z3Score algorithm [31 (link)] and visually checked by trained technicians who were blinded to the Oura ring records. Wake, REM sleep, N1, N2, and N3 sleep were calculated based on 30-s epochs according to the standard criteria of the AASM. More details on the protocol for this study can be found in References [31 (link),32 (link)]. The Institutional Review Board of the National University of Singapore approved the study, which was in accordance with the principles in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed written consent was obtained from participants and their legal guardians.
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