Cartilage constructs were fabricated as previously described13 (link). Briefly, F344 rat ASCs were suspended in type I oligomeric collagen (4.0 mg/ml) and polymerized. They were then compressed to 0.5-mm-thick constructs (75 mg/ml) and cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium (Hyclone Advance Stem Chondrogenic Differentiation Medium, SH30889.02; Thermo Scientific, Waltham,MA) and were maintained in a 37oC, 5% CO2 incubator for up to 4 weeks. The medium was changed twice per week.