Demographic data were collected by self-report, including age, ethnicity, household annual income, and highest level of education. For participants under 19 years of age, income and education data were not collected.
Substance use data were collected by self-report. Tobacco use was trichotomized as current, past, or never. Current methadone use, other prescription opioid use, and heroin use were collected as binary variables (yes/no), then combined into a single current opioid use variable.
HIV clinical data were collected from medical records, including HIV plasma viral load (pVL), highest HIV pVL ever recorded, CD4+ cell count, and CD4+ nadir. HCV infection ever was self-reported for all participants and confirmed via medical chart review for WWH.
Substance use data were collected by self-report. Tobacco use was trichotomized as current, past, or never. Current methadone use, other prescription opioid use, and heroin use were collected as binary variables (yes/no), then combined into a single current opioid use variable.
HIV clinical data were collected from medical records, including HIV plasma viral load (pVL), highest HIV pVL ever recorded, CD4+ cell count, and CD4+ nadir. HCV infection ever was self-reported for all participants and confirmed via medical chart review for WWH.
