A total of 41 patients with MSA and 32 patients with PD were consecutively recruited at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from December 2017 to December 2021. MSA was diagnosed according to the 2017 edition of Expert Consensus on Diagnosis Criteria for Multiple System Atrophy in China [5 (link)], and PD was diagnosed according to the Movement Disorders Society clinical diagnostic criteria [6 ]. Exclusion criteria: 1) Patients with history of spinal cord lesions, lumbosacral radiculopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, anorectal and pelvic floor diseases were excluded; 2) male patients with history of prostate disease were also excluded.
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