A. baumannii cultures were incubated overnight in brain heart broth (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) under agitation at 120 rpm at 37 °C. Cell densities were at the optical density: 600 nm (OD600) = 0.8. Subsequently, they were inactivated using 3% formaldehyde (Alphatec®, São Paulo, Brazil) for 2 h at 30 °C, followed by 16 h at 60 °C, under agitation at 120 rpm. Inactivation was confirmed by adding 1 mL of the inactivated culture to Mueller–Hinton agar (Kasvi®, Paraná, Brazil) and incubating at 37 °C for 48 h [32 (link)].
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