Characterization of PT-AuNS Nanoparticles

The formation of PT-AuNS was examined using the Ultrospec 6300 pro UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Amersham Biosciences, Buckinghamshire, UK) in the wavelength range of 300–800 nm. The size, zeta potential, and PDI of PT-AuNS were determined using the Zetasizer Nano-ZS90 sample delivery system (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK). The morphology and particle size distribution of PT-AuNS were determined using HR-TEM TALOS F200X (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at an electron potential of 200 kV. To confirm that PT-AuNS were synthesized via PT extraction, FTIR spectra were obtained using the Spectrum GX spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Inc., Boston, MA, USA) prepared with potassium bromide pellets [47 (link)].