Newly emergent mosquitoes were sexed, counted, and housed at corresponding temperatures in 3.8-L mesh top paper cups provided with cotton pads soaked in 10% sucrose ad libitum. Survival of all groups was monitored and recorded daily. Dead adults were removed and frozen at −20°C. Wings from ≈20 adults per group per temperature were removed and placed on slides with double-sided tape and were subsequently measured from the alular notch to the distal margin, excluding the fringe using a Zeiss microscope, Axiocam camera, and Axiovision software (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Gottingen, Germany) to estimate mosquito size (Dodson et al. 2011 (link)). Adults were grouped and housed as they emerged in 3-d intervals and held for 5–7 d to allow for mating. Mosquitoes were starved overnight for 12–24 h and offered defibrinated goose blood (Hema Resources, Aurora, OR) with 2.5% sucrose for 1-h. Mosquitoes were then anesthetized using CO2, and blood-fed females were sorted, counted, and separated for housing into individual holding cups. Unfed females were kept in the original cup with males, and offered a second bloodmeal 5–7 d later. Oviposition dishes were placed in holding cups containing blood-fed females and were checked daily for the presence of egg rafts. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 4.0 and Statsplus 9.0.