Mononuclear cells were isolated from rectum and axillary LNs as described previously (20 (link), 21 (link), 23 ). Whole blood and mononuclear cells from tissues were stained with LIVE/DEAD Near-IR Dead Cell stain (Life Technologies) and antibodies specific to CD3, CD4, CD8, PD-1, HLA-DR, Gag-CM9, CD28, and CD95. To stain cells with intracellular markers, cells were fixed and permeabilized with the eBioscience FoxP3/Transcription Factor staining buffer set following the manufacturer’s instructions and stained with antibodies specific to FoxP3, Ki67, GrzB, and perforin. These samples were acquired on an LSR Fortessa (BD Biosciences).