Paired strains from a prototypical case5 (link) were challenged with stimuli that activate the full range of human TLRs using the Human TLR1-9 Agonist Kit (InvivoGen USA, San Diego, CA). IL-6 was analyzed by ELISA4 , 7 ; IL-6 is a measure of TLR pro-inflammatory activity8 (link), 9 (link), 12 –15 (link).