Characteristics of headaches and information about the use and the category of
acute medication were collected by trained headache specialists in a structured
face-to-face interview. Headaches were classified according to the latest ICHD-3
(6). Participants were asked if they have ever experienced headache in their
lifetime. Adolescents not reporting any headaches were allocated to the “no
headache” group. Participants answering affirmatively, were interviewed about
the headache characteristics in detail. Information on frequency, location,
quality, aggravation by routine physical activity, duration, intensity, and
accompanying symptoms was collected during the interview. Furthermore, they were
asked if they experienced visual, sensory, or motor symptoms at any time
before/during the headache attack or in isolation. According to their
description, the headache specialists categorized the participants either in the
“Migraine” (with and without aura, including probable migraine) or
“Tension-type-Headache” (including probable TTH) group. Headaches that could not
be assigned to either of the 2 entities were included in the “other headache”
group. Information on the frequency of headache days within in the last 3 months
before the interview was collected. <1 headache day/month was classified as
“infrequent headache”, >1 and <15 headache days/month was rated as
“episodic headache” and 15 or more headache days/month were categorized as
“chronic headache”. On-demand medication categories included none, NSAID single
agent preparation, NSAID combination preparation, Triptan, Ergotamine, Opioids
and other. In accordance with the ICHD-3-guidelines, medication overuse was
defined as the use of one or more non-opioid analgesics (NSAIDs, paracetamol or
acetylsalicylic acid) on 15 or more days/month or the use of triptans,
ergotamines, opioids or combination analgesics on 10 or more days/month for
headache treatment.
acute medication were collected by trained headache specialists in a structured
face-to-face interview. Headaches were classified according to the latest ICHD-3
(6). Participants were asked if they have ever experienced headache in their
lifetime. Adolescents not reporting any headaches were allocated to the “no
headache” group. Participants answering affirmatively, were interviewed about
the headache characteristics in detail. Information on frequency, location,
quality, aggravation by routine physical activity, duration, intensity, and
accompanying symptoms was collected during the interview. Furthermore, they were
asked if they experienced visual, sensory, or motor symptoms at any time
before/during the headache attack or in isolation. According to their
description, the headache specialists categorized the participants either in the
“Migraine” (with and without aura, including probable migraine) or
“Tension-type-Headache” (including probable TTH) group. Headaches that could not
be assigned to either of the 2 entities were included in the “other headache”
group. Information on the frequency of headache days within in the last 3 months
before the interview was collected. <1 headache day/month was classified as
“infrequent headache”, >1 and <15 headache days/month was rated as
“episodic headache” and 15 or more headache days/month were categorized as
“chronic headache”. On-demand medication categories included none, NSAID single
agent preparation, NSAID combination preparation, Triptan, Ergotamine, Opioids
and other. In accordance with the ICHD-3-guidelines, medication overuse was
defined as the use of one or more non-opioid analgesics (NSAIDs, paracetamol or
acetylsalicylic acid) on 15 or more days/month or the use of triptans,
ergotamines, opioids or combination analgesics on 10 or more days/month for
headache treatment.
Free full text: Click here
