Carotenoids were determined according to the method in our previous study (22 (link)). A 0.5 g freeze-dried tomato fruit sample powder was taken and 30 ml of a mixture of acetone and petroleum ether was added (1: 2, v/v). After ultrasonic extraction at 30°C for 40 min, the extract was dried at 40°C, then dissolved in a mixture of 6.25 ml methanol, 5 ml dichloromethane, and 13.75 ml acetonitrile. Subsequently, a 2-ml mixture was added through a 0.22-μm organic filter membrane, and the filtrate was used for an Alliance Waters e2695 HPLC (Waters, United States). The chromatographic column: C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, Waters, United States), mobile phase was composed of methanol: dichloromethane: acetonitrile (25:20:50, v/v/v), flow rate: 1.2 ml min–1, injection volume: 10 μl, and column temperature: 30°C.
Phytoene (Sigma, United States) was detected at 286 nm, lutein and β-carotene (Yuanye, China) were detected at 450 nm, and lycopene (Yuanye, China) was detected at 470 nm. The retention time of lutein, phytoene, lycopene, and β-carotene was 2.7, 7.7, 8.3, and 12.7 min, respectively. Data were analyzed with Empower Software (Waters, United States).
Phytoene (Sigma, United States) was detected at 286 nm, lutein and β-carotene (Yuanye, China) were detected at 450 nm, and lycopene (Yuanye, China) was detected at 470 nm. The retention time of lutein, phytoene, lycopene, and β-carotene was 2.7, 7.7, 8.3, and 12.7 min, respectively. Data were analyzed with Empower Software (Waters, United States).
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