Quercetin and Q2 Synthesis and Characterization

Quercetin and its derivative, Q2, were chemically synthesized as previously reported in [25 (link)]. Sodium palmitate (PA), 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-)2,5-diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), Na-pyruvate, 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA), butanol-1, butylated hydroxyanisole, bovine serum albumin (BSA), ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (disodium salt), diethyl ether, and Tween-20 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), penicillin/streptomycin, 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (1X), and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and non-fat dried milk were purchased from PanReac AppliChem (Glenview, IL, USA). Absolute ethanol, hydrochloric acid, ethyl acetate, trichloro-acetic acid, and methanol were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents (Cornaredo, MI, Italy).